Please note that there is strong evidence for teaching literacy-learners how to build words by adding prefixes and suffixes to English words, but no similar evidence to support teaching about non-English word roots.
Inflectional morphemes (all suffixes)
| Plural | -s as in cats (voiceless, column 3) -s as in dogs (voiced, column 2) | -es as in wishes | f-ve plurals irregular plurals |
| Past tense | -ed as in jumped (voiceless) -ed as in hopped (doubling) | -ed as in filled (voiced) -ed as in binned (doubling) | -ed as in planted -irregular past |
| Present participle | -ing as in jumping | -ing as in hopping (doubling) | |
| Past participle | -ed same as past tense, see above links | -en as in taken (column 2) | -irregular past participle |
| 3rd person | -s as in jumps (voiceless) | -s as in fills (voiced) | -es as in wishes |
| Possessive | -‘s as in the cat’s lunch | Plural possessive (just -‘) | |
| Comparative | -er as in softer | ||
| Superlative | -est as in softest |
Derivational morphemes
| Germanic bound bases include… |
| hap as in happy (Old Norse) tw as in two |
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